Vector Architects directs illumination into the forest spa through the use of tubular concrete lightwells.
Vector Architects, a local firm, has introduced the Wulingshan Eye Stone Spring spa in Aranya, China, designed to mimic a hot spring "apparatus."
The spa features a distinctive design crowned with eight chimney-like lightwells and is situated in a river valley enveloped by cliffs and forest in Yanshi Village, part of the Wuling Mountain range, which translates to Eye Stone and inspires the project's name.
The bathhouse, covering an area of 560 square meters, was constructed adjacent to a developing residential area in Wulingshan, part of the Aranya holiday resort that spans 22 hectares along the coast, situated two hours north of Beijing.
In response to the site's limitations, characterized by its small size and sloped terrain, Vector Architects designed the primary spa facilities in a vertical arrangement within a slender, tall tower. Additionally, a separate service building is connected by a corridor bridge at each level.
The structure was elevated above the forest floor on tall columns to mitigate flood risks and to provide guests with expansive views of the verdant foliage from the spa's relaxation areas.
A bush-hammering technique was utilized on the concrete walls, creating a rough texture that harmonizes with the rugged cliffs nearby. A transparent, dark-toned finish was applied to the concrete to achieve a more understated and grounded look.
"Prior to constructing the main building, the team created two or three sample walls with an additional thickness of two to three centimeters of concrete," stated Dong Gong, founder of Vector Architects, in an interview with Dezeen.
"This added layer enabled us to conduct deeper bush-hammering, resulting in a surface that boasts enhanced strength and a more intricate texture."
The design carefully considered the impact of natural light, which decreases near the ground because of the shade provided by the towering 30-meter-high poplar trees.
This reduction in natural light influenced the architect's layout of the spa, positioning the dressing rooms, reception area, and shower facilities on the lowest level, where the dim lighting enhances the sense of privacy.
On the second floor, a relaxation lounge features floor-to-ceiling glass walls that offer intimate views of the poplar tree canopies, complemented by large windows that can be opened to welcome fresh air during pleasant weather.
The restricted site area necessitated the creation of a vibrant spatial experience within a limited footprint, according to Gong. "It resembles a sophisticated mechanical device, akin to a precision timepiece, where numerous clever designs and intricate details are concealed."
"In contrast to traditional architectural dimensions, this structure operates more like a mechanism, featuring a carefully organized interior and harmoniously integrated systems," he added.
In response to inquiries regarding the sustainability of concrete structures, particularly considering the material's significant carbon footprint, Gong noted that its affordability continues to make it the preferred building material in China.
This situation complicates efforts for architects to convince clients to invest more in construction, he explained, while also mentioning that alternative materials like timber frequently necessitate considerable maintenance post-construction.
"Crucially, when an architect selects a material that aligns with the spiritual character of a site, that material can be considered suitable," he added.
The Wulingshan Eye Stone Spring is among several architectural endeavors undertaken by Vector Architects within the prestigious Aranya holiday resort. This portfolio includes a concrete concert hall located in Qinhuangdao and a chapel elevated on the shoreline.
Photography credits go to Guowei Liu, unless specified otherwise.
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